For IFR planning, what are the compulsory reporting points when using VOR/DME or VORTAC fixes?

For IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) planning, the correct answer pertains to the need for pilots to understand and follow the specific reporting points that are critical when navigating using VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) or DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) facilities, such as VORTAC (VOR/TACAN).

The compulsory reporting points, specifically the fixes selected to define the route, are essential for ensuring that pilots and air traffic controllers maintain effective communication and situational awareness during flight operations. When planning an IFR flight, these fixes serve as reference points along the route that pilots must report upon reaching or passing over them. This practice aids in monitoring the aircraft’s position and ensures compliance with the air traffic control (ATC) instructions.

While other options mention various types of points and route elements, they do not represent what is specifically required by regulation. For instance, stating that there are no compulsory reporting points unless advised by ATC does not align with the structured nature of IFR operations, where routes are predefined with specific checkpoints for safety and traffic management. Similarly, while waypoints and holding points are important in flight planning and operations, they do not specifically denote the compulsory reporting points necessary for VOR/DME or VORTAC usage.

Thus