What is the minimum qualification for a safety pilot during simulated instrument flight?

The minimum qualification for a safety pilot during simulated instrument flight is that the pilot must hold a private pilot certificate with category and class ratings. This requirement ensures that the safety pilot has the necessary skills and knowledge to operate the aircraft safely in case of an emergency during a flight simulation.

A private pilot with category and class ratings indicates that the pilot is authorized to fly specific types of aircraft, which is crucial during instrument flight where situational awareness and aircraft control are paramount. While having an instrument rating could enhance the safety pilot's proficiency, it is not a strict requirement for safety pilots in simulated conditions, allowing private pilots with basic training and certification to fulfill this role.