What must an instrument-rated pilot do if they haven't logged instrument time in over a year?

For an instrument-rated pilot who hasn't logged instrument flight time in over a year, the correct action is to pass an instrument proficiency check by an FAA examiner. This requirement is part of the regulations established by the FAA to ensure that pilots maintain their skills and are proficient in their instrument flying abilities.

The instrument proficiency check assesses a pilot's ability to perform the fundamental tasks required for safe instrument flying, such as navigation, approaches, and handling of aircraft in instrument meteorological conditions. It is essential for maintaining safety in aviation, as the skills needed to operate under instruments can deteriorate over time if not practiced regularly.

While there are other options involving flight reviews and logging specific amounts of instrument time, the FAA specifically states that a pilot lacking instrument currency must complete an instrument proficiency check to regain that currency. This directs focus not just on time logged, but on demonstrating current proficiency through an evaluation by an authorized examiner.